Фокин В.И., Кузнецова С.В., Нагапетян А.Р. Оценка влияния доли занятых на микропредприятиях на уровень средней заработной платы в регионах РФ

Научная статья
УДК 331.2,330.4
https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2026.6.12
 
Оценка влияния доли занятых на микропредприятиях
на уровень средней заработной платы в регионах РФ
 
Владислав Игоревич Фокин¹, Софья Васильевна Кузнецова²,
Артур Рубикович Нагапетян^3
1,3Дальневосточный федеральный университет, Владивосток, Россия
²Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ),
Москва, Россия
¹fokin.vi@dvfu.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6219-2750
²sofvaskuznetsova@edu.hse.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2086-1758
³nagapetyan_ar@dvfu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-2460
 
Аннотация. В статье предпринята попытка оценки влияния доли занятых на микропредприятиях на уровень средней заработной платы в регионах РФ. Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью выявления потенциальных альтернативных издержек, связанных с возможным сокращением финансирования мер поддержки микропредприятий, а также увеличением налоговой нагрузки. Исследовательская проблема заключается в наличии предпосылок смещения коэффициента, характеризующего величину искомого влияния, ввиду наличия проблемы эндогенности. Для преодоления соответствующих вызовов в исследовании применяется метод инструментальной переменой с рассмотрением различных наборов инструментов для анализа годовых региональных данных. Согласно полученным результатам, применение квазиэкспериментальных методов показывает, что увеличение доли занятых на микропредприятиях на 1 % в среднем в регионах РФ приводит к росту уровня средней заработной платы на 0,15 %, тогда как базовый регрессионный анализ демонстрирует статистически незначимое, а в некоторых случаях даже отрицательное влияние. Результаты исследования могут внести существенный вклад в оценку целесообразности принятия управленческих решений в сфере региональной политики, а также при определении ключевых параметров программ поддержки микропредприятий на региональном уровне.
Ключевые слова: микропредприятия, заработная плата, метод инструментальных переменных, панельные данные, эндогенность, квазиэкспериментальный подход
Финансирование: инициативная работа.
Для цитирования:Фокин В.И., Кузнецова С.В., Нагапетян А.Р. Оценка влияния доли занятых на микропредприятиях на уровень средней заработной платы в регионах РФ // Теория и практика общественного развития. 2026. № 6. С. 111–118. https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2026.6.12.
 
Original article
 
Assessing the Impact of the Share of Employees in Microenterprises
on the Average Wage Level in the Regions of the Russian Federation
 
Vladislav I. Fokin¹, Sofya V. Kuznetsova²,
Artur R. Nagapetyan^3
1,3Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
²National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE),
Moscow, Russia
¹fokin.vi@dvfu.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6219-2750
²sofvaskuznetsova@edu.hse.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2086-1758
³nagapetyan_ar@dvfu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-2460
 
Abstract. The article presents an attempt to assess the impact of the share of employees in microenterprises on average wage levels in the regions of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study stems from the need to identify potential opportunity costs associated with possible reductions in funding for microenterprise support measures or increases in the tax burden for such enterprises. The research problem lies in the presence of prerequisites for the displacement of the coefficient characterizing the magnitude of the desired effect, due to the issue of endogeneity. To overcome these challenges, the study employs the instrumental variable method, considering various set of tools for analyzing annual regional data. The results from the quasi-experimental methods indicate that a 1 % average increase in the share of employees in microenterprises in the regions of the Russian Federation leads to an increase in the average wage of 0.15 %, In contrast, basic regression analysis demonstrates a statistically insignificant – and occasionally negative – effect. These findings offer valuable insights for informing regional policy decisions and determining key parameters of microenterprise support programs at the regional level.
Keywords: microenterprises, wages, instrumental variable method, panel data, endogeneity, quasi-experimental approach
Funding: Independent work.
For citation: Fokin, V.I., Kuznetsova, S.V. & Nagapetyan, A.R. (2026) Assessing the Impact of the Share of Employees in Microenterprises on the Average Wage Level in the Regions of the Russian Federation. Theory and Practice of Social Development. (6), 111–118. Available from: doi:10.24158/tipor.2026.6.12 (In Russian).

© Фокин В.И., Кузнецова С.В., Нагапетян А.Р., 2026

Список источников:
 
Пиньковецкая Ю.С. Влияние региональных социально-экономических факторов на заработную плату работников малых и средних предприятий // Экономика региона. 2020. Т. 16, № 2. С. 535‒546. http://doi.org/10.17059/2020-2-15.
Bellmann L., Blien U. Die Lohnkurve in den neunziger Jahren // Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung. 1996. Vol. 3. P. 467–470. (на нем. яз.)
Bohm P. Chapter 78. Quasi-experimental Evaluation of Regional Employment Subsidies // Handbook of Experimental Economics Results. Elsevier, 2008. Vol. 1. P. 733–735. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0722(07)00078-9.
Brülhart M., Carrère C., Trionfetti F. How wages and employment adjust to trade liberalization: Quasiexperimental evidence from Austria // Journal of International Economics. 2012. Vol. 86. P. 68–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.08.010.
Carlino G.A. Do regional wages differ? // Business Review. 1986. Iss. Jul. P. 17–25.
Chiquiar D. Globalization, regional wage differentials and the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: Evidence from Mexico // Journal of International Economics. 2008. Vol. 74, no. 1. P. 70–93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.05.009.
Daniele V. Territorial disparities in labour productivity, wages and prices in Italy: What does the data show? // European Urban and Regional Studies. 2021. Vol. 28, no. 4. P. 431–449. http://doi.org/10.1177/09697764211020057.
Dung P.K. The effects of minimum wage hikes on employment and wages in Viet Nam’s micro, small, and medium enterprises. WIDER Working Paper 2017/95. Helsinki, 2017. http://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2017/319-6.
Edmiston K.D. The role of small business in economic development // Economic Review. 2007. Vol. 92, no. 2. P. 73‒97. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.993821.
Fritsch M., Schroeter A. Why does the effect of new business formation differ across regions? // Small Business Economics. 2011. Vol. 36, no. 4. P. 383–400. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9256-9.
Kaike W., Wuyi Z., Kaiyong W. Regional differentiation mechanism and spatial effects of the wage level among different provincial units in China // Geographical Research. 2013. Vol. 32, no. 11. P. 2107–2120. http://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201311012.
Lambert T.E., Bewley M. The use of quasiexperimental design in urban and regional policy research and political economy // Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Heterodox Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. P. 535–553. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2735472.
Motellón E., López-Bazo E., El-Attar M. Regional heterogeneity in wage distributions: evidence from Spain // Journal of Regional Science. 2011. Vol. 51, no. 3. P. 558–584. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2011.00714.x.
Pratama H. Taxes and entrepreneurship: impact on new business creation // Golden Ratio of Taxation Studies. 2023. Vol. 3, no. 1. P. 34–44. http://doi.org/10.52970/grts.v3i1.629.
Rud J.P., Trapeznikova I. Wage Dispersion, Job Creation and Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Meeting Papers 1005. Royal Holloway, 2016. 66 p.
Rupasingha A., Goetz S.J. Self‐employment and local economic performance: Evidence from US counties // Papers in Regional Science. 2013. Vol. 92, no. 1. P. 141–162. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00396.x.
Simón H.J., Ramos R., Sanroma E. Collective bargaining and regional wage differences in Spain: An empirical analysis // Applied Economics. 2006. Vol. 38, no. 15. P. 1749–1760. http://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500427155.
Thaler R., Rosen S. The value of saving a life: evidence from the labor market // Household production and consumption. NBER, 1976. P. 265–302.
Wursten J., Reich M. Small businesses and the minimum wage // IRLE Working Paper. 2023. No. 102‒23. P. 1‒27.
Zheng S., Jin X., Zheng W. Extending Instrumental Variable Method for Effective Economic Modelling // International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences. 2012. Vol. 5, no. 4. P. 213‒217. http://doi.org/10.4236/ijcns.2012.54027.
 
References:
 
Bellmann, L. & Blien, U. (1996) Die Lohnkurve in den neunziger Jahren. Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung. 3, 467–470. (In German)
Bohm, P. (2008) Chapter 78. Quasi-experimental Evaluation of Regional Employment Subsidies. In: Handbook of Experimental Economics Results. Vol. 1. Elsevier, pp. 733–735. Available from: doi:10.1016/S1574-0722(07)00078-9.
Brülhart, M., Carrère, C. & Trionfetti, F. (2012) How Wages and Employment Adjust to Trade Liberalization: Quasi‑experimental Evidence from Austria. Journal of International Economics. 86, 68–81. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.08.010.
Carlino, G.A. (1986) Do Regional Wages Differ? Business Review. (Jul.), 17–25.
Chiquiar, D. (2008) Globalization, Regional Wage Differentials and the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: Evidence from Mexico. Journal of International Economics. 74 (1), 70–93. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.05.009.
Daniele, V. (2021) Territorial Disparities in Labour Productivity, Wages and Prices in Italy: What Does the Data Show? European Urban and Regional Studies. 28 (4), 431–449. Available from: doi:10.1177/09697764211020057.
Dung, P.K. (2017) The Effects of Minimum Wage Hikes on Employment and Wages in Viet Nam’s Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. WIDER Working Paper 2017/95. Helsinki. Available from: doi:10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2017/319-6.
Edmiston, K.D. (2007) The Role of Small Business in Economic Development. Economic Review. 92 (2), 73‒97. Available from: doi:10.2139/ssrn.993821.
Fritsch, M. & Schroeter, A. (2011) Why Does the Effect of New Business Formation Differ Across Regions? Small Business Economics. 36 (4), 383–400. Available from: doi:10.1007/s11187-009-9256-9.
Kaike, W., Wuyi, Z. & Kaiyong, W. (2013) Regional Differentiation Mechanism and Spatial Effects of the Wage Level Among Different Provincial Units in China. Geographical Research. 32 (11), 2107–2120. Available from: doi:10.11821/dlyj201311012.
Lambert, T.E. & Bewley, M. (2016) The Use of Quasi‑Experimental Design in Urban and Regional Policy Research and Political Economy. In: Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Heterodox Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 535–553. Available from: doi:10.2139/ssrn.2735472.
Motellón, E., López‑Bazo & E., El‑Attar, M. (2011) Regional Heterogeneity in Wage Distributions: Evidence from Spain. Journal of Regional Science. 51 (3), 558–584. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.2011.00714.x.
Pinkovetskaya, Yu.S. (2020) Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Wages of Employees in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Economy of Region. 16 (2), 535‒546. Available from: doi:10.17059/2020-2-15. (In Russian)
Pratama, H. (2023) Taxes and Entrepreneurship: Impact on New Business Creation. Golden Ratio of Taxation Studies. 3 (1), 34–44. Available from: doi:10.52970/grts.v3i1.629.
Rud, J.P. & Trapeznikova, I. (2016) Wage Dispersion, Job Creation and Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Meeting Papers 1005. Royal Holloway. 66 p.
Rupasingha, A. & Goetz, S.J. (2013) Self‐employment and Local Economic Performance: Evidence from US counties. Papers in Regional Science. 92 (1), 141–162. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00396.x.
Simón, H.J., Ramos, R. & Sanroma, E. (2006) Collective Bargaining and Regional Wage Differences in Spain: An Empirical Analysis. Applied Economics. 38 (15), 1749–1760. Available from: doi:10.1080/00036840500427155.
Thaler, R. & Rosen, S. (1976) The Value of Saving a Life: Evidence from the Labor Market. In: Household production and consumption. NBER, pp. 265–302.
Wursten, J. & Reich, M. (2023) Small Businesses and the Minimum Wage. IRLE Working Paper. (102‒23), 1‒27.
Zheng, S., Jin, X. & Zheng, W. (2012) Extending Instrumental Variable Method for Effective Economic Modelling. International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences. 5 (4), 213‒217. Available from: doi:10.4236/ijcns.2012.54027.